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This provocative analysis of Martin Luther’s thought and work encourages readers to delve into the social, political, and religious climate of the sixteenth century. How sis the patterns of thought Luther inherited from his mentors and teachers influence him? How did the evolving European class system and political climate support and hinder his reforming efforts? This classic text establishes the significance of Luther’s ninety-five these, then explores the great reformer’s ideas on topics as varied as faith, life and death, nature, the state, and the practice of translation.

• Heinrich Bornkamm was a professor at Heidelberg University in Germany.